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Sacred–profane dichotomy
The sacred–profane dichotomy is an idea posited by French sociologist Émile Durkheim, who considered it to be the central characteristic of religion: "religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to ''sacred things'', that is to say, things set apart and forbidden."〔Durkheim 1915, p. 47〕 In Durkheim's theory, the sacred represented the interests of the group, especially unity, which were embodied in sacred group symbols, or totems. The profane, on the other hand, involved mundane individual concerns. Durkheim explicitly stated that the sacred/profane dichotomy was not equivalent to good/evil. The sacred could be good or evil, and the profane could be either as well.〔Pals 1996, p. 99〕
==Criticism==
Durkheim's claim of the universality of this dichotomy for all religions/cults has been criticized by scholars such as British anthropologist Jack Goody.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The sacred-profane distinction is not universal ) quote: "neither do the Lo Dagaa (in Gonja, ''editor note'' ) appear to have any concepts at all equivalent to the vaguer and not unrelated dichotomy between the sacred and the profane"〕 Goody also noted that "many societies have no words that translate as sacred or profane and that ultimately, just like the distinction between natural and supernatural, it was very much a product of European religious thought rather than a universally applicable criterion."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sacred and Profane - Durkheim's Critics )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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